1 Industrially, it is obtained from chrome ore, among other sources.
SourceĬhromium (Cr) is abundant in the earth's crust and is found in concentrations ranging from 100 to 300 ppm. However, at higher dosages, such as those used in trials evaluating the efficacy of chromium in glycemic control, concern exists for potential genotoxic effects. No risk of genotoxicity at appropriate dosages over the short-term exists for chromium as a dietary supplement. Ingestion or exposure to certain forms of chromium may cause or contribute to GI irritation and ulcers, dermatitis, hemorrhage, circulatory shock, and renal tubule damage. Limited animal experimentation showed skeletal and neurological defects in the offspring of mice fed chromium picolinate. Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking. Renal failure may be considered a relative contraindication. The potential for genotoxic effects exists at higher dosages.
Daily dosages used in clinical trials for periods of up to 9 months range as follows: brewer's yeast up to 400 mcg/day chromium chloride 50 to 600 mcg/day chromium nicotinate 200 to 800 mcg/day chromium picolinate 60 to 1,000 mcg/day. The currently accepted value for chromium dietary intake is 25 mcg/day for women and 35 mcg/day for men. The role of supplemental chromium remains controversial. Clinical Overview UseĬhromium supplementation has been studied for a variety of indications, especially diabetes and weight loss, but clinical studies have shown inconsistent results.
Common Name(s): Chromium chloride, Chromium nicotinate, Chromium picolinate
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